comparison of electrotherapy methods to alleviate pain

If it’s your first time going for a physiotherapy session in London, don’t be surprised to see electrotherapy in your therapist’s list of services. It may sound terrifying, but actually, it’s a very safe procedure that is commonly used for pain relief treatments.

Electrotherapy Explained

In electrotherapy, electrical signals are released from the equipment and into the affected area, specifically interfering with the transmission of neural pain signals to the brain. With this interception, the patient can then experience pain relief.

The currents produced by the electrotherapy machine can also possibly facilitate the healing of damaged tissues. As helpful as electrotherapy may be for various applications, though, it must be noted that it must only be administered by a medical professional duly trained to handle the equipment.

Because it basically facilitates the flow of electricity into the body, it is crucial that the therapy is conducted properly. The pads that will connect the machine to the body must avoid the heart area, as this can cause cardiac arrhythmia. The throat should also be avoided because it can cause low blood pressure and over a pregnant uterus, as it can cause fetal damage.

How will I know what electrotherapy treatment is effective?

Electrotherapy treatment is an effective means of pain relief when the correct method is applied.

We will explore the different types of electrotherapy treatments available, the equipment used and how each treatment is an attributed pain relief method. 

Plus, it displays the effectiveness of electrotherapy treatment when teamed with traditional physiotherapy treatment. 

How is electrotherapy treatment used as a pain relief method?

All types of electrotherapy generate either a current, field, or wave that passes through the skin. This penetrates soft tissue, muscle, and bone and stimulates nerves. 

This stimulation effectively relieves pain by blocking the nerve signals carrying pain messages to the brain.

Muscle fibre and soft tissue activation through electrotherapy treatment helps to reduce swelling and increase strength and resistance, as well as effectively relieving pain.

Here are some of the benefits of electrotherapy treatment, but not limited to:

• Reduces body pain
• Alleviates nerve pain
• Accelerates healing of musculoskeletal injuries
• Increases blood circulation in the body
• Heals wounds
• Relaxes muscle spasms

Many electrotherapy treatments also aid in stimulating and producing endorphins, our natural pain relief hormones. 

Combined with traditional physiotherapy treatment and under strict guidance, pain relief medication may be significantly reduced or even stopped.

What types of electrotherapy treatment are used?

The main aim of electrotherapy treatment is to decrease pain, encourage healing and improve circulation.  Yet some types of electrotherapy treatment are better suited to certain conditions, ailments and illnesses.

Below, we have summarised the pros and cons of electrotherapy treatment types. Although electrotherapy has many advantages, it’s important to also explore its disadvantages and risks. 

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

Function: 

is a pain relief method involving a mild electrical current sent via electrodes attached to the skin. 

TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) - NHS (www.nhs.uk)

Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS)

Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS)

Interferential current (IFC)

Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF)

Galvanic stimulation (GS)

Though electrotherapy treatment is relatively safe with minimal side effects, there are instances when it should not be administered.

Note that electrotherapy treatment must not be used on patients who are:

• Pregnant
• Epileptic
• Have an electric implant
• Cardiovascular disease
• Have cancer
• Recently received radiotherapy

Also, there are exceptions when electrotherapy treatment can be received with the above conditions.

When to choose electrotherapy treatment as a pain relief method?

Like each electrotherapy treatment type, the use for each individual will vary greatly. 

This is due to illness, ailment, or injury sustained and is dependent on the individual’s response to treatment received.

Electrotherapy is effective in the treatment of (but not limited to):

• Strains/sprains
• Fractures and splints
• Back/neck pain
• Arthritis
• Plantar fasciitis
• Tendonitis 
• DOMS (delayed-onset muscle soreness)
• Stroke, Cerebral Palsy and Multiple Sclerosis patients
• Fibromyalgia 
• Labour pain
• Tennis elbow
• Hip pain
• Carpal tunnel syndrome

Frequently Asked Questions About Electrotherapy

How do I prepare for an electrotherapy session?

To prepare for your electrotherapy session at CK Physio:

• Wear loose, comfortable clothing that allows easy access to the treatment area
• Ensure the treatment area is clean and free from lotions, oils, or powders
• Inform your physiotherapist about any changes in your health or medications
• Stay hydrated before and after your session
• If you have sensitive skin, mention this to your physiotherapist

Your physiotherapist will provide any additional specific instructions based on your treatment plan.

Are there any side effects of electrotherapy?

While electrotherapy is generally safe when administered by a qualified professional, some patients may experience minor side effects:

• Mild skin irritation or redness at the electrode sites
• Temporary muscle soreness
• Tingling sensation during treatment

These effects are usually mild and short-lived. If you experience any discomfort during or after treatment, inform your physiotherapist at CK Physio immediately. They can adjust the treatment or provide advice to minimize any side effects.

How often should I have electrotherapy treatments?

The frequency of electrotherapy treatments depends on your specific condition and treatment plan. For acute conditions, you might initially have sessions 2-3 times per week. For chronic conditions, weekly or bi-weekly sessions might be recommended. Your physiotherapist at CK Physio will create a personalized treatment schedule based on your needs and response to therapy. As your condition improves, the frequency of treatments may be reduced. Regular reassessment ensures your treatment plan remains optimal for your recovery.

Can electrotherapy be used alongside other physiotherapy treatments?

Yes, electrotherapy is often used in combination with other physiotherapy techniques for a comprehensive treatment approach. At CK Physio, we may integrate electrotherapy with:

• Manual therapy techniques
• Therapeutic exercises
• Heat or cold therapy
• Ultrasound therapy

This multi-modal approach allows us to address various aspects of your condition, potentially leading to faster and more effective recovery. Your physiotherapist will design a treatment plan that combines the most beneficial therapies for your specific needs.

Is electrotherapy painful?

Electrotherapy should not be painful. Most patients describe the sensation as a mild tingling or buzzing feeling. Depending on the type of electrotherapy and its intensity, you might feel a gentle muscle contraction or a warming sensation. If you experience any pain or discomfort during treatment, it's crucial to inform your physiotherapist immediately. They can adjust the settings to ensure your comfort while maintaining the treatment's effectiveness. At CK Physio, we prioritize your comfort and safety throughout all our treatments.

How long does it take to see results from electrotherapy?

The timeline for seeing results from electrotherapy can vary depending on your condition and individual response to treatment. Some patients experience immediate pain relief or improved mobility after a single session. For others, particularly those with chronic conditions, it may take several sessions before significant improvements are noticed. Typically, you should start to see some benefits within 3-5 sessions. Your physiotherapist at CK Physio will regularly assess your progress and adjust your treatment plan as needed to ensure optimal results. Remember, consistency with your treatment plan and following any prescribed home exercises are key to achieving the best outcomes.

How do you choose the right electrotherapy treatment?

At CK Physio, we understand that knowing which treatment to choose can be confusing.  

Seeking a chartered physiotherapist, such as our team at CK Physio, is recommended. This allows you to explore your options comfortably while extracting accurate knowledge from our physiotherapists.

We offer a range of physiotherapy treatments to accompany your electrotherapy treatment; carrying out an initial virtual consultation to complete a risk assessment before a face-to-face appointment. (which are now available following guidance from Public Health England (PHE) and the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (CSP).

Electrotherapy treatment is a non-invasive, non-toxic, and non-addictive pain relief method.  Contact us today to see what treatments are suitable for you.

Initially posted on 18 October 2016

Updated content as of 25 August 2021